Page 1: Technical Manual
Grid Solutions GE Reason Switches Industrial Managed Ethernet Switches Technical Manual T1000 Platform Hardware Version: A T1000 Platform Software Version: 03 S20 Platform Hardware Version: B S20 Platform Software Version: 06 Publication Reference: REASON-SWITCHES-TM-EN-3.3 imagination at work...
Page 3 CONTENTS Chapter 1: Introduction Foreword Target Audience Nomenclature Acronyms and Abbreviations Product Scope Unpacking Available models T1000 S2020 S2024G Key Features Compliance Standard Compliance EMC Compliance Product Safety R&TTE Compliance Ordering Options S2020 S2024G T1000 Chapter 2: Safety Information Health and Safety...
Page 4 Mirroring Precision Time Protocol (PTP) 12.1 Timing Requirements for Power System Applications 12.2 Precision Time Protocol (PTP) Functional 12.3 PTP in GE Reason Switches Chapter 5: Interfaces Signalizing Leds Reboot Button (Only for T1000) Hardware Reset Dry-Contact Relay Communication Interfaces...
Page 5 Communication Protocols HTTP/HTTPS Telnet Chapter 6: Operation Energizing Local Operation – USB Interface Remote Operation – Ethernet Interface Chapter 7: Configuration Configuration overview System Management Setting System Management Setting IP Services NTP Synchronization Time Configuration Port Setting Security Settings General Security Settings SNMP Setting Aggregation Settings Static Aggregation Setting...
Page 6 Mirroring Settings PTP Settings Application Examples 14.1 Configuring VLANs in a Digital Substation Network 14.2 RSTP Configuring in a Ring Network Topology 14.3 PTP Transparent Clock Chapter 8: Monitoring System Management Ports Security Aggregation Loop Protection Spanning Tree IPMC MAC Table VLAN Chapter 9: Installation Functional Overview...
Page 7 Chapter 11: Technical Specifications Power Supply Failsafe Relay Networking Standards Supported RJ45 Ethernet (10/100/1000 Mbps) Port Optical Transceivers (100/1000 Mbps) Operating Environment T1000 Dimensions S2020 and S202G Dimensions Ingress Protection Front Mounting Rear Mounting Pollution Degree Insulation, EMI and Environmental Tests 10.1...
Page 8 Figure 28: MSTP regions and legacy RSTP LAN connection Figure 29: CIST roots an MSTP regions and legacy RSTP LAN Figure 30: MSTP regions behavior using RSTP protocol Figure 31: RSTP recovery table Figure 32: Network fault recovery using GE Reason Switches...
Page 9 Figure 33: Unicast and Broadcast communication Figure 34: Multicast communication Figure 35: IGMP protocol mechanism Figure 36: IGMP Snooping at a given LAN Figure 37: Ethernet frame Figure 38: Address a table at a given Switch Figure 39: Forwarding traffic in an Ethernet switch Figure 40: LAN access restriction with MAC address configuration Figure 41: Different LAN from different departments Figure 42: addition of new hosts to the legacy VALN-unaware equipment...
Page 10 Figure 87: Rear mounting: Cabinet orientation for rack mounting Figure 88: Mounting sites for rack adapters Figure 89: Panel / DIN Rail front mounting diagram Figure 90: T1000 (left) and S2020/S2024G (right) Power Supply Connector Figure 91: RJ45 Ethernet Port Figure 92: FDDI transceiver...
Page 11 Figure 97: T1000 dimensions Figure 98: S2020 and S2024G dimensions...
Page 13: Chapter 1: Introduction
Foreword This technical manual provides a functional and technical description of GE Reason Switches, as well as a comprehensive set of instructions for using the device. The level at which this manual is written assumes that you are already familiar with protection engineering and have experience in this discipline.
Page 14: Nomenclature
GE Grid Solutions. The first instance of any acronym or term used in a particular chapter is explained. In addition, a separate glossary is available on the GE website, or from the GE contact centre.
Page 15 Chapter 1 – Introduction GE Reason Switches Gbps Gigabits per second Global Positioning System Grandmaster Clock High Rupture Capacity Human-Machine Interface HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTPS Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure GOOSE IEC 61850 - Generic Object Oriented Substation Event IEC 61850 - Sampled Values...
Page 16 Chapter 1 – Introduction GE Reason Switches Miniature Circuit Breaker Multicast Listener Discovery MSTI Multiple Spanning Tree Instance MSTP Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (IEEE 802.1Q) Network Interface Card Network Time Protocol Normally Close Normally Open Open Systems Interconnection model Peer-to-peer...
Page 17 Chapter 1 – Introduction GE Reason Switches SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol Spanning Tree Protocol (IEEE 802.1D) TACACS+ Terminal Access Controller Access Control System Plus Transmission Control Protocol Transparent Clock Type-of-Service Universal Serial Bus Unshielded twisted pair User Datagram Protocol VLAN Virtual LAN (IEEE 802.1Q)
Page 18: Product Scope
Chapter 1 – Introduction GE Reason Switches Product Scope GE Reason Switches are managed switches with modular communication interfaces designed for harsh environment environments, such as power systems and industry applications. Developed to be used in IEC 61850 networks, Reason Switches provide flexibility, reliability and robustness in IED interconnections.
Page 19: Unpacking
Check the contents against the packing list. If any of the contents listed is missing, please contact GE immediately (see contact information at the beginning of this manual). Examine the equipment for any shipping damage. If the unit is damaged or fails to operate, notify the shipping company immediately.
Page 20: Available Models
T1000 is a managed switch and supports both NTP, operating as NTP client, and PTP, used for IED synchronization. The modular conception of T1000 switch allows up to 12 Ethernet ports (6 sets of 2 interfaces) supporting copper Ethernet communication (10/100/1000 Mpbs) and Fibre Optic links (100/1000 Mpbs).
Page 21: Key Features
Chapter 1 – Introduction GE Reason Switches Key Features  Packet transmissions done by hardware, with a maximum switching capacity (throughput) of 48 Gbps;  Automatic learning, auto-negotiation and automatic detection/treatment of polarity at the copper ports (RJ45 connectors); ...
Page 22 Chapter 1 – Introduction GE Reason Switches  IEEE 1588v2 compliant (Precision Time Protocol – PTP) at all ports (except on S2020);  PTP operation as Transparent Clock (TC, P2P or E2E delay mechanism calculation) or Boundary Clock (BC); ...
Page 23: Compliance
Chapter 1 – Introduction GE Reason Switches Compliance The device has undergone a range of extensive testing and certification processes to ensure and prove compatibility with all target markets. A detailed description of these criteria can be found in the Technical Specifications chapter.
Page 24: R&Tte Compliance
Chapter 1 – Introduction GE Reason Switches R&TTE Compliance R&TTE - Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment directive 99/5/EC. Conformity is demonstrated by compliance with both the EMC directive and the Low Voltage directive, to zero volts REASON SWITCHES-TM-EN-3...
Page 25: Ordering Options
Chapter 1 – Introduction GE Reason Switches Ordering Options S2020 Variants Order Number 9 10 11 12 13 14-15 16-17 Model Type S2020 Modular Managed Ethernet Switch S2020 Power Supply 1 24-48 Vdc 100-250 Vdc / 110-240 Vac Power Supply 2...
Page 26: S2024G
Chapter 1 – Introduction GE Reason Switches S2024G Variants Order Number 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16-17 18-19 Model Type S2024G Modular Managed Ethernet Switch S2024G Power Supply 1 24-48 Vdc 100-250 Vdc / 110-240 Vac...
Page 27: T1000
GE Reason Switches T1000 Variants Order Number 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17-18 19-20 Model Type T1000 Modular Managed Ethernet Switch Gigabit T1000 Power Supply 1 24-48 Vdc 100-250 Vdc / 110-240 Vac Power Supply 2...
Page 28 Chapter 1 – Introduction GE Reason Switches Interface Module 4 Two 1 Gbps RJ45 copper 10/100BASE-TX/1000BASE-T Ethernet ports Two slots for SFP transceivers Two 1 Gbps LC-type connector multi mode fiber 1000BASE-SX Ethernet for up to 0.5 km Two 1 Gbps LC-type connector single mode fiber 1000BASE-LX Ethernet for up to 10 km...
Page 29: Chapter 2: Safety Information
GE Reason Switches Industrial Managed Ethernet Switches Chapter 2: Safety Information This chapter provides information about the safe handling of the equipment. The equipment must be properly installed and handled in order to maintain it in a safe condition and to keep personnel safe at all times. You must be familiar with information contained in this chapter before unpacking, installing, commissioning, or servicing the equipment.
Page 30 Chapter 2 – Safety Information GE Reason Switches of questions or problems, do not take any action without proper authorisation. Please contact your local sales office and request the necessary information. Each product is subjected to routine production testing for Dielectric Strength and Protective Bonding Continuity...
Page 31: Symbols
Chapter 2 – Safety Information GE Reason Switches Symbols Throughout this manual you will come across the following symbols. You will also see these symbols on parts of the equipment. Caution: Refer to equipment documentation. Failure to do so could result in damage to the equipment Risk of electric shock Ground terminal.
Page 32: Installation, Commissioning And Servicing
Chapter 2 – Safety Information GE Reason Switches Installation, Commissioning and Servicing Lifting Hazards Many injuries are caused by:  Lifting heavy objects  Lifting things incorrectly  Pushing or pulling heavy objects  Using the same muscles repetitively Plan carefully, identify any possible hazards and determine how best to move the product.
Page 33 Chapter 2 – Safety Information GE Reason Switches Use a suitable protective barrier for areas with restricted space, where there is a risk of electric shock due to exposed terminals. Disconnect power before disassembling. Disassembly of the equipment may expose sensitive electronic circuitry.
Page 34: Fusing Requirements
Chapter 2 – Safety Information GE Reason Switches Never manipulate liquid containers near the equipment even when it is powered off. Avoid modification to the wiring of panel when the system is running. VT circuits must never be left short circuited.
Page 35 Chapter 2 – Safety Information GE Reason Switches Terminals exposed during installation, commissioning and maintenance may present a hazardous voltage unless the equipment is electrically isolated. Tighten M3 clamping screws of heavy duty terminal block connectors nominal torque Tighten captive screws of header-type (Euro) terminal blocks to 0.5 Nm minimum and 0.6 Nm maximum.
Page 36: Pre-Energisation Checklist
Chapter 2 – Safety Information GE Reason Switches The PCT is sometimes used to terminate cable screens. Always check the PCT’s integrity after adding or removing such ground connections. The user is responsible for ensuring the integrity of protective conductor...
Page 37: Peripheral Circuitry
Chapter 2 – Safety Information GE Reason Switches Check integrity of the PCT connection. Check voltage and current rating of external wiring, ensuring it is appropriate for the application. Peripheral Circuitry Do not open the secondary circuit of a live CT since the high voltage produced may be lethal to personnel and could damage insulation.
Page 38: Decommissioning And Disposal
Chapter 2 – Safety Information GE Reason Switches Decommissioning and Disposal Before decommissioning, completely isolate the equipment power supplies (both poles of any dc supply). The auxiliary supply input may have capacitors in parallel, which may still be charged. To avoid electric shock, discharge the capacitors using the external terminals before decommissioning.
Page 39: Chapter 3: Hardware Design
Communication modules are connected directly to the main processor module. T1000 switches are built with a board and connector that allow it to be changed in field without the need of taking the switch off the panel, as shown in the figure below.
Page 40: Mechanical Implementation
After mounting, a cover is mounted in the top side of the equipment. GE Reason Switches are 19’’ rack mounting with 1U high (44.45 mm) and a depth of 310 mm. The case is pre- finished steel painted with epoxy paint.
Page 41: Figure 4: S2024G Switch
Chapter 3 – Hardware Design GE Reason Switches Figure 4: S2024G Switch REASON SWITCHES-TM-EN-3...
Page 42: Hardware Architecture
Chapter 3 – Hardware Design GE Reason Switches Hardware Architecture Figure 5: Hardware architecture overview REASON SWITCHES-TM-EN-3...
Page 43: Communication Port Connections
RJ45 10/100/1000BASE-TX 2 ports per module 100/1000BASE-FX 2 ports per module ST connector is allowed only in T1000 Switch. With up to 5 communication modules, the available Ethernet communication ports for the S2020 are: Connection Transfer Rate Number of Interfaces...
Page 44: Chapter 4: Functions
GE Reason Switches Industrial Managed Ethernet Switch Chapter 4: Functions Each application has different functional needs. Different topologies, IEDs connections and synchronization protocols may be done with Reason Switches, and understanding the basic of an application is a good strategy to define the network design.
Page 45: Ip Information
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches The Key Activation field is used to define the functions allowed for the equipment. This field must be filled with a code given by Reason which will allow the equipment to execute the desired functions chapter presents an overview regarding the common management functions.
Page 46: Time Zone
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches NTP (Network Time Protocol) is a networking protocol used to synchronize the clock of equipment over packet-switched data networks, which suits the Application Layer on the OSI model. The protocol works in a client-server mode, and it synchronizes the devices in network within a few milliseconds of accuracy referred to the UTC time.
Page 47: Figure 7: Ntp Syslog Message Basics
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches stored running routines or physical connections information, such as active Ethernet ports. Figure below shows the basics of the log message transmission. Figure 7: NTP Syslog Message Basics For computer usage, the log file format (known as syslog) is standardized according to RFC 5424.
Page 48: Port
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches Ports The Ethernet ports are the connection between the Physical Layer (copper UTP cable, with RJ45 connector or fibre optics cable, with LC or ST connector) and the Data Link Layer. The functions performed by a LAN switch, like Reason Switches, occur mainly at the Data Link Layer.
Page 49 Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches frames). Acceptable range is from 1,518 bytes (Ethernet frame without 802.1Q tag) to 10,056 bytes. If the network operates in half-duplex mode with a high level of collisions, it is possible to configure the action that the switch will take in this event. It is allowed to choose discard frame or restart backoff algorithm after 16 collisions.
Page 50: Security
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches Security Security is an important matter that must be understood when designing a network. Security is a common topic in power systems installations, and as Ethernet technology is being widely used in automation systems, the importance of network security has increased over the years.
Page 51: Snmp Protocol
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches For secure access to the web interface, the HTTPS protocol may be used, which is disabled by default. When enabled, it is possible to define if access to the web interface would be automatically redirected from HTTP to HTTPS connection or not.
Page 52: Figure 9: Example Of The Snmp Management Architecture
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches Figure 9: Example of the SNMP management architecture General operation is based on GET and SET requests, done by SNMP manager to the agents. In this operation, the manager will poll information from the agents periodically, apart from the information that is received at the time it occurs.
Page 53: Aggregation
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches Aggregation Link Aggregation function was standardized by the IEEE 802.3ad. The purpose of the function is to increase the performance and the availability of network devices with a double connection, making parallel links work as if they were a single high performance link.
Page 54: Figure 11: Link Failure Behavior Of An Aggregated Link
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches Figure 11: Link failure behavior of an aggregated link In aggregated links, load balancing would not be perfect because the way traffic is redirected on links. Thus, if three 100 Mbps aggregated links is used; it is possible that the resulting link is not a 300 Mbps link.
Page 55: Figure 12: Load Balancing In Aggregated Links
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches link. Thus, if there is different bandwidth traffic between end nodes, there will be a non-perfect load balancing. In the end, the apparent link speed will increase, and there will be a redundant path for the traffic of the end nodes. Figure below shows an example of such behaviour, and the method for load balancing used is source MAC address.
Page 56: Loop Protection
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches Loop Protection Loop Fundamentals In a network, a loop can be understood as more than one Layer 2 connection paths between endpoints. Typical examples of loop is connecting two switches using more than one port, as occurs in a ring topology, or connecting a port to another port of the same switch.
Page 57: Loop Protection
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches multicast frames must be delivered to all ports, except the incoming port. In the example given, switch A will send the multicast to switch B through all ports. Switch B will execute the switch algorithm and will send the multicast frame to all ports, except the incoming frame port.
Page 58 Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches It is possible to define the repetition time of the packet and the time that a given port will remain off if a loop is detected. Besides, each port can be freely set to have the function enabled and send or not loop detection packets.
Page 59: Spanning Tree Protocol
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches Spanning Tree Protocol Spanning Tree protocol is a mechanism created to solve the problems that arise when a loop is inserted in a LAN. As shown in the Loop fundamentals section, Ethernet networks were not developed to work in loop topologies. As redundant paths are generally required for most of network applications, several protocols have been developed to solve these problems.
Page 60: Figure 16: Ring Topology Lan And Possible Paths For Data Traffic From Ied A To Ied B
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches Figure 16: Ring topology LAN and possible paths for data traffic from IED A to IED B The protocol works to create a logical topology that resembles a tree. The topology will have a root; branches that extend from it until reaching the leaves. The first step is to define where is the root of the tree, this means, who will be the root switch.
Page 61: Figure 17: Example Of A Loop-Topology Showing Bridge
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches The figure below presents an example of these definitions. The number shown is the bridge identifier, and also the path costs to the entire physical topology is shown. On the example, all bridges priority and ports priority will be considered the same. Thus, the logical topology will be defined based only on path costs and bridge identifier.
Page 62: Stp Protocol
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches disabled. If there is a change in the topology, e.g., one of the branches is disconnected or a switch fails, there will be another election to find a root and the branches in the network. Thus, the physical network topology will have loops, but the logical will not.
Page 63: Figure 20: Stp Protocol Mechanism And Maximum Port Changing Time
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches Figure 20: STP protocol mechanism and maximum port changing time The table below illustrates the port state behaviour over the STP protocol. Learn Port state Send BPDU Receive BPDU Forward frames addresses  Disabled ...
Page 64: Rstp Protocol
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches Figure 21: Port states when STP protocol is used in a ring physical topology Figure 22: Failure on the designated link of the Spanning tree Figure 23: Reconfigured topology after a designated link failure...
Page 65: Figure 24: Rstp Protocol Mechanism
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches STP protocol has a limitation regarding the time needed to rebuild a topology when there is a topology change. As shown in the previous section, the protocol waits for its timers to expire and then takes action, causing it to take several seconds to converge to a new topology.
Page 66: Figure 25: Rstp Port Status In A Loop Topology
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches When it comes to port definition, RSTP has changed some aspects from the STP protocol. While in STP there were blocking, disabled, designated and root ports, in RSTP they are defined as alternate, backup, designated and root ports.
Page 67: Mstp Protocol
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches Each port can also be configured as point-to-point or shared link type. Full duplex ports are considered directly point-to-point links, which makes them change their state to forwarding directly if they are designated port. On the other hand, half- duplex ports are considered shared link ports.
Page 68: Figure 28: Mstp Regions And Legacy Rstp Lan Connection
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches Instead of calculating the spanning tree for all VLANs, MSTP allows grouping a set of VLANs in instances, and these instances can run inside a region. Switches that are set to run the protocol need to find their neighbors, which are also running MSTP.
Page 69: Ultrarstp
Figure 30: MSTP regions behavior using RSTP protocol UltraRSTP UltraRSTP is a GE approach to improve the standard RSTP fault recovery time performance and reduce packet loss during faults in the network. With UltraRSTP fault recovery times of less than 5ms per hop are achieved, while maintaining compatibility with standard RSTP for interoperability with commercial switches.
Page 70: Figure 31: Rstp Recovery Table
OLTAGE CIRCUIT used; The C scroll box allows user to select a code of the current circuit to be URRENT CIRCUIT used. Figure 31: RSTP recovery table Figure 32: Network fault recovery using GE Reason Switches REASON SWITCHES-TM-EN-3...
Page 71: Ipmc
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches IPMC IP Multicast (IPMC) IP communication, just as Ethernet communication, allows the devices in a network to send packets to a single host or to all hosts, in unicast or broadcast transmission, respectively. There are several applications that have a logical architecture of one sender to a set of receivers, such as PMU applications.
Page 72: Igmp Snooping
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches Figure 34: Multicast communication IGMP Snooping Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) was designed in the end of 1980’s (first version by RFC 1112) to fulfill the requirement of using multicast transmission over IP networks (more specifically, IPv4 networks).
Page 73: Figure 35: Igmp Protocol Mechanism
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches Figure 35: IGMP protocol mechanism When a receiver wants to join an IP multicast group, it sends a “join group” message to the network, where the routers will mark the incoming IP address and interface to the group.
Page 74: Mld Snooping
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches Figure 36: IGMP Snooping at a given LAN IGMP snooping function is associated to the VLAN at Reason Switches. If there is no VLAN usage at the network, the IGMP Snooping VLAN must be configured to operate at VLAN ID (VID) “1”.
Page 75 Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches multicast messages will be treated as broadcast messages. Thus, all members of the LAN (or VLAN) will receive data, instead of only multicast members. A range at the IP addresses which is used only for multicast is defined. Routers at the network, when receiving a frame addressed to these IP addresses, will route the frames based on multicast groups.
Page 76: Mac Table
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches MAC Table Ethernet switches operate in a context of transparent bridge packet switching, which is a fundamental concept in Ethernet packet switching. There are some topics, thus, that must be matched by Ethernet switches, which are ...
Page 77: Figure 38: Address A Table At A Given Switch
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches duplication at the hosts addressing, that is, there is different MAC addresses to each host. Figure 36 exemplifies the MAC table at a given LAN. Figure 38: Address a table at a given Switch...
Page 78: Figure 40: Lan Access Restriction With Mac Address Configuration
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches and outgoing data packets. If a mapped MAC address stops receiving or sending data, the switch will discard its address on the MAC table. Thus, processing time for inspecting the address table is decreased and performance of the switch is increased.
Page 79: Virtual Lan
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches Virtual LAN Legacy LAN Technology In packet switching networks, a LAN can be understood as the physical connection between hosts (equipment that uses the LAN to communicate to each other) and switching equipment (switches) that will deal with exchanging data from hosts.
Page 80: Virtual Lan Basics
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches Figure 42: addition of new hosts to the legacy VALN-unaware equipment This demonstrates that changes and increases in a VLAN unaware network would create problems, since it would be required to change all physical installations in the network.
Page 81: Figure 43: Physical Topology Of The Addition Of New Hosts With Vlan-Aware Equipment
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches Figure 43: Physical topology of the addition of new hosts with VLAN-aware equipment Besides the physical installation, VLAN mechanism will make the hosts see each other as if they were at the same physical LAN, as shown in the next figure. Thus, there is no more dependency on the equipment connections.
Page 82: Figure 45: 802.1Q Ethernet Frame
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches about the logical LAN which the host (or message) belongs to. Figure below shows an Ethernet frame and its 802.1Q tag position Figure 45: 802.1Q Ethernet frame The information at 802.1Q tag is divided in 4 fields: ...
Page 83: Lan In Modern Power System Communication
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches LAN in Modern Power System Communication Virtual LAN technology allows separation of traffic in through logical and physical networks. In power system communication, where is expected IEC-61850 messages with different priority and usage, there will be only one physical path for each IED and the packets must be separated logically.
Page 84: Ieee 802.1Q Switch Operation Concepts
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches Figure 46: Typical topology in power system communication environment The logically network the switches do when using VLAN traffic segregation is shown below. Figure 47: Logical topology of typical power system communication environment IEC 61850 documents recommend to use different methods of redundancy at Station and Process communication bus.
Page 85: Figure 48: Traffic Flow Inside An 802.1Q Switch
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches In previous sections, it could be understood what is VLAN and what is expected using packets with VLAN information. This section will demonstrate the basics of the switch operation when dealing with 802.1Q frames, which applies to Reason Switches. Next figure shows data traffic flow inside the switch.
Page 86: Reason Switches Operation
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches At the end of the process, egress rules will determine if the switch will maintain or discard VLAN information. If it is required to maintain 802.1Q, all frames will leave the switch tagged including those which have come without tag information, which will leave the switch with the Port VLAN identifier (PVID) of the incoming port.
Page 87 Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches Trunk ports are always defined as C-Ports and permit tagged and untagged incoming frames. Allowed and Forbidden VLAN at the ports and egress tagging is user configurable. When using equipment that allow much VLAN traffic, such as IED receiving Sampled Values and GOOSE messages at the same network interface, port type of the connection point of the IED to the switch should be considered trunk port.
Page 88 Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches Ingress filtering and acceptance can be configured by user, when the port selected permits. If port ingress filtering is used, port can select if it will accept tagged or untagged frames. If not used, the switch will perform its function in promiscuous mode, that is, all incoming data will be received.
Page 89: Quality Of Service (Qos
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches Quality of Service (QoS Quality of service is a main topic that Ethernet technology does not allowed at its conception. Ethernet frames were designed to be fair, that is, each frame should have the same possibility to flow in the catenet. Besides, it was observed that it should be useful to have some traffic prioritization, especially when sporadic peaks at network traffic leads to everyone lose data.
Page 90: Figure 49: Traffic In An Oversized
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches Figure 49: Traffic in an oversized If there are sporadic small time peaks on incoming data, the switch stores packets that could not be delivered in an internal buffer and then, when the peak traffic ends, data is forwarded and buffer memory gets empty.
Page 91: Class-Of-Service (Cos) Bits Qos
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches NTP protocols. In this situation, to guarantee that higher priority data will not be lost, some quality at the network services should be provided. Where traffic cannot be dropped, it must use some Quality-of-Service (QoS) mechanism to ensure that data will not be lost.
Page 92: Figure 52: Cos Bits Inside And 802.1Q Frame
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches Figure 52: CoS bits inside and 802.1Q frame There is a general agreement that QoS term is referred to means that equipment guarantee quality at determined kind of traffic in a given network. Thus, Quality of Service can be performed in different layers and different ways. Besides, the CoS term which is one of the QoS mechanism, the one that uses the priority information inside the 802.1Q Ethernet frame.
Page 93: Figure 54: Cos Classification As Shown In Iec 61850-90-4 Technical Report, Section D.2.6
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches Figure 54: CoS classification as shown in IEC 61850-90-4 Technical Report, section D.2.6 EASON WITCHES HAVE SUPPORT TO PRIORITIZATION USING BITS WHICH IS PERFORMED IN EIGHT DIFFERENT QUEUES ONE FOR EACH PRIORITY ALLOWED...
Page 94: Differentiated Service Code Point (Dscp)
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches value, and then there will be effectively traffic prioritization defined by traffic type, not by VLAN. It is possible to prioritize traffic based on Ethertype, UDP or TCP transport protocol, and so on.
Page 95: Figure 57: List Of Dscp Code Point Field Values, Shown In Section D.2.9 Of The Iec
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches The table above, taken from IEC 61850-90-4, shows that 4 classes of services should be considered when using QoS services: The Gold class for SCADA and Automation messages, the Silver class for management messages, the Bronze class for other kinds of data and the Best Effort class (DSCP value 0) for legacy equipment with no DSCP priority information.
Page 96: Ge Reason Switches Qos Capabilities
10.4 GE Reason Switches QoS Capabilities GE Reason Switches allow the user to apply QoS in network applications at layer 2 protocols. For layer 3 applications, DSCP-based QoS is also supported. There are two types of QoS allowed when using Reason Switches: ...
Page 97: Figure 59: Cos Queues And Remarking Functions
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches Figure 59: CoS queues and remarking functions Besides, it is possible to configure port incoming traffic to guarantee class of service by limiting bandwidth at a given port, thus saving processing at ports which hosts such IED or low priority networks are connected.
Page 98: Figure 60: Dscp Queues And Translation Functions
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches Figure 60: DSCP queues and translation functions As explained in previous sections, it could be desired to do a relationship between DSCP and CoS values, to mix IP and 802.1Q priority mechanisms and increase its performance over the network.
Page 99 Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches  Frame type: Specific Ethertype to CoS queue; Specific LLC parameters to CoS queue; SNAP PID value to CoS queue; IP packets (both IPv4 and IPv6).  Specific or a range of source IP addresses to CoS queue;...
Page 100 Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches drop frames to prevent congestion, after the average load of a given queue is extrapolated. Maximum Drop probability fields specify the maximum drop probability of a given traffic on the queue to be dropped. Thus, if the average filling level of a given queue gets closer to 100%, the drop probability will get closer to the drop probability specified.
Page 101: Mirroring
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches Mirroring Port mirroring is a feature used as a monitoring strategy in packet switching networks. When enabled, port mirroring creates a copy of the incoming and outgoing data from a specific port to another port. The port which receives the copied traffic could thus be connected to a network analyser, which would be used for analysis and debugging data or network error diagnostics.
Page 102: Figure 62: Port Mirroring In One Switch
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches Figure 62: Port Mirroring in One Switch Port mirroring in different switches is required when a port of one switch must be mirrored to a different switch. Common application of this mode is remote traffic monitoring, e.
Page 103: Figure 64: Data Monitor Flow Network
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches Figure 64: Data Monitor Flow Network REASON SWITCHES-TM-EN-3...
Page 104: Precision Time Protocol (Ptp)
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches Precision Time Protocol (PTP) The Precision Time Protocol is available in T1000 and S2024G models. Precision Time Protocol (PTP) was standardized by IEEE 1588 document, which defines precision clock synchronization protocol for networked measurement and control systems.
Page 105: Precision Time Protocol (Ptp) Functional
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches  PPS (pulse-per-second) and IRIG-B signals for non-Ethernet synchronism networks;  NTP (Network Time Protocol) and PTP (Precision Time Protocol) for synchronism network over Ethernet. In addition, IEC-61850-90-4 shows a table containing synchronization classes of accuracy, to separate critical synchronism application from less critical applications.
Page 106: Figure 66: Ptp Network
Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches Figure 66: PTP network As shown in the previous figure, there are several elements in the PTP network. The main elements in a PTP-aware environment are:  Grand Master Clock (GMC): This clock is the top-level master at the network, usually a GPS-based clock.
Page 107: Figure 67: Ptp Protocol Mechanism
After that sum, the TC will then send a Follow-up message with the correction that should be made by other clocks in the network. GE Reason Switches do the time stamping process at software level. Thus, only two-step delay mechanism mode is allowed to be used.
Page 108: Ptp In Ge Reason Switches
 Hybrid Clock operation. GE Reason Switches has capability to operate both on P2P and E2E delay mechanisms, which are defined as P2pTransp and E2eTransp device types when the clock is a TC or p2p and e2e if strictly the port is configured, in BC mode.
Page 109 Chapter 4 – Functions GE Reason Switches adjustments. Parameters such as clock DataSet, Clock time properties and egress latency are allowed to be changed by the user. Although the parameters of internal PTP clocks are configurable, it is not recommendable to change their values. At the Ports Configuration link, inside the Clock instance configuration, it is possible to set which delay mechanism will be used in a given port (p2p or e2e).
Page 110: Chapter 5: Interfaces
The signalization LEDs are placed in the front of the equipment. These LEDs indicate the status of the ports, as explained below. For T1000 switches, the number above each LED means the port associated to it  LINK LED: Indicates the port status. LED off means port down and LED on means connection with equipment;...
Page 111: Figure 69: Hmi Led Matrix Of S2020 And S2024G Switches
Chapter 5 – Interfaces GE Reason Switches Orange colour means 100 Mbps port speed.  Power 1 LED: Indicates that power-supply number 1 is energized;  Power 2 LED: Indicates that power-supply number 2 is energized;  Sync LED: Indicates that internal PTP clock is synchronized (when in Boundary PTP mode);...
Page 112: Reboot Button (Only For T1000)
GE Reason Switches Reboot Button (Only for T1000) T1000 has a reboot button that allows the user to perform a reboot at the equipment without necessity of being connected through a configuration interface. When pressed, the system will be rebooted, and after a few seconds the system will be operating normally.
Page 113: Hardware Reset
Chapter 5 – Interfaces GE Reason Switches Hardware Reset Reason Switches allow the user to reset its configuration to factory default. To do this it is necessary to follow the steps given below. If the switch is powered-off:  Connect Ports 1 and 2, creating a loop at the switch;...
Page 114: Dry-Contact Relay
Chapter 5 – Interfaces GE Reason Switches Dry-Contact Relay Reason Switches are equipped with a failsafe dry contact relay for remote signalization when an interface communication become unavailable or the equipment lacks from one of its power supplies. These signalizations can be useful as it occurs independently of the Ethernet medium, increasing reliability.
Page 115: Communication Interfaces
Chapter 5 – Interfaces GE Reason Switches Communication Interfaces Reason Switches have local and remote communication interfaces:  Local interface: USB 2.0 communication port for local configuration. Protocols for this interface are Telnet or SSH protocol.  Remote interfaces: Ethernet interface communication (Electrical or Optical) for remote or local monitoring and configuration.
Page 116: Communication Protocols
Chapter 5 – Interfaces GE Reason Switches Communication Protocols HTTP and HTTPS protocols are available to configure, monitor, diagnose and perform firmware and configuration settings in Reason Switches. These are the most friendly- to-use as a Web browser is used as interface.
Page 117 Chapter 5 – Interfaces GE Reason Switches Allowed commands at the main menu are:  clear reset functions;  configure enter configuration mode;  copy copy from source to destination;  delete delete one file in flash: file system; ...
Page 118: Figure 73: Main Menu At The Ssh Interface
Chapter 5 – Interfaces GE Reason Switches  reload reload system;  send send a message to other tty lines;  show show running system information;  terminal set terminal line parameters;  veriphy veriphy keyword. Each command has a menu inside with its own subcommands. The main menu displayed, after typing the “?”...
Page 119: Telnet
Chapter 5 – Interfaces GE Reason Switches show ip interface ? It will be displayed all of the options allowed at the interface menu. “brief” will be the only choice. Then, type: show ip interface brief The command above is the full command to view all IP interfaces configured at the equipment.
Page 120 Chapter 5 – Interfaces GE Reason Switches  help description of the interactive help system;  ipv4 IPv4 commands;  ipv6 Ipv6 commands;  link-oam link OAM configuration;  logout exit from EXEC mode;  more display file;  negate a command or set its defaults;...
Page 121: Figure 74: Main Menu At The Telnet Interface
Chapter 5 – Interfaces GE Reason Switches Figure 74: Main menu at the Telnet interface If necessary, Reason Switches have an online help at this interface. Thus, when typing a command plus “?” it will be displayed all allowed subcommands of a given menu.
Page 122: Chapter 6: Operation
LEDs will indicate operation and the initialization process will be finished. For T1000, if all ports are disabled, the LINK LED of Port 1 (first LED in the first column and first row) will remain in ON state in orange colour. This means that the switch is powered on and operating, but all communication ports are disabled.
Page 123: Local Operation – Usb Interface
Chapter 6 – Operation GE Reason Switches Local Operation – USB Interface Reason Switches allow using USB (Universal Serial Bus) cable connection to configure the equipment and monitor running settings at the equipment. If used, this interface would require a computer with a USB communication port and Serial communication software.
Page 124 Chapter 6 – Operation GE Reason Switches  dot1x IEEE standard for port-based access control;  enable turn on privileged commands;  erps Ethernet Ring Protection switching;  exit exit from EXEC mode;  failsafe configure failsafe relay;  firmware firmware upgrade or swap;...
Page 125: Figure 78: Main Menu At The Telnet Interface
Chapter 6 – Operation GE Reason Switches Figure 78: Main menu at the Telnet interface If necessary, Reason Switches have an online help at this interface. Thus, when typing a command plus “?” it will be displayed all allowed subcommands of a given menu.
Page 126: Remote Operation – Ethernet Interface
Chapter 6 – Operation GE Reason Switches Remote Operation – Ethernet Interface Reason Switches allow using Ethernet cable connection to configure, update firmware, do maintenance actions and monitor the equipment. This interface requires a computer with an Ethernet communication port.
Page 127: Figure 80: Example Of Http Or Https First Screen At A Given Web Browser
Chapter 6 – Operation GE Reason Switches It is possible that the web browser will display a message advising that the certificate of the site was not found. If happens, choose to continue in the site and then the HTTPS interface will be shown.
Page 128 Chapter 6 – Operation GE Reason Switches  At the General Tab, the Obtain DNS server address automatically can be selected. Except when USB connection is used, Reason Switches management interface is accessed through an IP address, which requires IP address at the same IP network as the computer used to access the equipment. To check it, do an “AND” Boolean comparison between IP address and Mask values of both equipment.
Page 129: Chapter 7: Configuration
GE Reason Switches Industrial Managed Ethernet Switch Chapter 7: Configuration Configuration overview Reason Switches runs internally three configuration files, which can be freely selected by user. The configuration files and their descriptions are as shown below.  Running Config: This file represents the actual configuration of the switch.
Page 130: System Management Setting
Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches System Management Setting System Management Setting System Information Configuration menu allows the user to configure an intuitive and friendly-to-use name. This is useful when using management protocols, such as SNMP or LLDP. These protocols will send the switch name in its messages in order to make network management and diagnosis much easier.
Page 131  Mode: Reason Switches operates only in Host mode. Reason Switches T1000, S2020 and S2024G are Layer 2 switches. Thus, only Host mode is allowed.  DNS Server: These fields (DNS Server 0 to 3) can be configured to allow DNS name resolution done by the switch, based on the table given by these servers.
Page 132 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches  IP Interfaces: This field allows the insertion of IP interfaces for switches management. IPv4 and IPv6 addresses are allowed. To add a new interface, click in the Add Interface button. To delete a previously defined interface, mark the Delete checkbox and then click in the Save button.
Page 133 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches DHCPv6 Current Lease: For interfaces with DHCPv6 enabled, this field display the IP address obtained by the DHCPv6 server at the VLAN of this interface; IPv6 Address: define the static IP address to be used at this interface.
Page 134: Ntp Synchronization
Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches After change one of the configurations described before, the user may save or discard them. Save: save configuration at the Running Config; Reset: undo changes made locally at the Running Config. NTP Synchronization NTP Configuration menu allows the user to configure NTP time servers to be used to synchronize the switch internal clock.
Page 135 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches Time Zone Configuration menu allows the user to define Timezone and Daylight Saving Time at Reason Switches. As the internal clock is synchronized by NTP protocol, which by definition only sends UTC time messages, these fields allow to configure the switch to synchronize its internal clock to the Timezone from where it has been installed.
Page 136 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches Non-Recurring DST configuration: Month: select the month when the DST should begin (if at  Start Time Settings) or end (if at End Time Settings);  Date: select the day of the month when the DST should begin (if at Start Time Settings) or end (if at End Time Settings);...
Page 137 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches This field defines the network IP address of the Log server which will receive log messages. Only IPv4 values are supported and IP address must be inserted in dotted decimal notation. If there is a log server configured at the switch, be sure that the Reason Switches IP address is configured at the Log server, and it is capable to receive Log messages at UDP port 514.
Page 138: Port Setting
Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches Port Setting Port Configuration menu allows the user to manage the basic settings of a switch port. Link type, link speed and enabling or disabling a given link is some examples of settings allowable.
Page 139 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches 1000-FX: enable optical port speed to 1 Gbps in full-duplex mode; 1000-FX_AMS: enable AMS mode at the port. Optical ports will be enabled to 1 Gbps in full-duplex mode and electrical ports will be enabled as Auto mode.
Page 140 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches Configured: enable advertising link partners of flow control capability. This is only used if Speed Configure of the port is forced speed, and not used when is set to Auto mode. There is also an indication of the transmission and reception of flow control messages.
Page 141 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches Refresh: refresh the web page. Changes made locally which were not saved will be discarded from the Running Config. REASON SWITCHES-TM-EN-3...
Page 142: Security Settings
Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches Security Settings General Security Settings Security Switch allows the user to manage basic security setting. Users, SSH and HTTPS access monitoring are some examples of settings allowable.   Security Switch menu is located at Settings Security Switch.
Page 143 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches To add a new user, the Add New User button must be used. When clicking at the button, the User Settings menu will open, to set configurations of the new user. Possible configurations are as follows.
Page 144 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches Group Name for Privilege Levels selection LACP Spanning_Tree ERPS LLDP LLDP System ETH_Link_OAM Loop_Protec Private_VLANs UDLP Each Group Name has its own configuration for privilege levels, which is separated at the Privilege Levels column. Possible configurations per family are as follows.
Page 145 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches Authentication Method Configuration: define how the user will be authenticated when accessing through each interface (console, SSH, Telnet or HTTPS). First column is the main method. After a timeout of the main method of authentication, the method selected at the second column will be tried.
Page 146 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches Tacacs: authentication of this client will be done remotely through a TACACS+ server; No: authentication is disabled in this client and login is not possible. Cmd LvI: enable accounting of all commands of this client ...
Page 147 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches HTTPS connection, and certification generation and status can be configured at this menu. Possible configurations are as follows. Mode: select if HTTPS should be enabled or not. Allowed values are as follows: Enabled: enable the HTTPS protocol usage as access and ...
Page 148 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches Generate: generate the certification. If allowed, Certificate Algorithm field will appear. Possible values are as follows.  Certificate Algorithm: select certification type to be used when a certificate is generated. Possible values are as follows.
Page 149: Snmp Setting
Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches By default, no filter is applied, thus any protocol and any configured user can access the equipment. If enabled, at the Add New Entry button, it is possible to insert a new filter to be applied at the access interfaces. When clicked, it will appear the following fields to be configured: Delete: click at the button to delete the filter at the row;...
Page 150 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches  System: System menu allows configuring basic SNMP settings and protocol enable. Allowed configuration is as shown below. Mode: select if SNMP should be enabled or not. Allowed values are Enabled, to enable the SNMP protocol usage or Disabled, to disable the SNMP protocol usage.
Page 151 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches Trap Mode: enable these settings to operate as SNMP Trap messages. Allowed values are Enabled or Disabled; Trap Version: select SNMP version of Trap messages. Allowed values are SNMPv1, SNMPv2c and SNMPv3; Trap Community: indicates Trap community name. Allowed characters are the ASCII characters from 33 to 126 (basically letters, numbers and other characters, such as “-“...
Page 152 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches Interface: enable the Port Up, Port Down and LLDP protocol trap message. None option means no port configured to send trap message, specific option allows the user to select which ports will generate a trap message and all switches selects all ports to generate a trap messages.
Page 153 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches Delete: click at the button to delete the filter at the row; Engine ID: indicates the engine ID used by the user. Engine ID equal to switch engine ID means local user, and different engine ID means remote user.
Page 154 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches Reset: undo changes made locally at the Running Config  Groups: Groups menu allows configuring SNMPv3 group table. By default, default_ro_group and default_rw_group are created. To add new group, click at the Add New Entry button.
Page 155 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches After one of the configurations described before is changed, there are two buttons that allow the user to save or discard the configurations. Save: save configuration at the Running Config; Reset: undo changes made locally at the Running Config.
Page 156 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches Reset: undo changes made locally at the Running Config. REASON SWITCHES-TM-EN-3...
Page 157: Aggregation Settings
Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches Aggregation Settings Static Aggregation Setting Static aggregation will aggregate ports as user defines, without usage of automatic protocols.   Aggregation Static menu is located at Settings Aggregation Static.  Aggregation Mode Configuration: This menu contains the settings allowed to be used as filters in the static aggregation mode.
Page 158: Lacp Settings
Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches Port Members: select which ports will be member of a given Group ID number. Same group ID ports means that these ports will operate as aggregated ports. When using aggregated ports, both sides of the traffic path must be configured to operate as Aggregated Static Ports, and both sides must be in the same Group ID.
Page 159 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches Role: indicates LACP activity rules for use. Active operation means port will transmit frames automatically, and passive operation means port will only transmit messages as response to received LACP messages from the other side of the link. If Active is selected, port will transmit LACP packets each second when operating (port enabled).
Page 160: Loop Protection Settings
Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches Loop Protection Settings Loop Protection menu allows configuring protection against loops created at the switch. This function applies for loop created directly or loop created in unmanaged switches connected in one port of Reason Switches. A loop is detected using loop protection messages (PDU messages).
Page 161 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches  Shutdown Port and Log: indicates that port will be disabled when a loop is detected and switch will send a log message to the log server configured at System Log menu. The period that the port will remain disabled is the period defined at the Shutdown Time field;...
Page 162: Spanning Tree Settings
Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches Spanning Tree Settings Spanning Tree menu allows configuring the usage of Spanning Tree Protocols (STP, RSTP and MSTP) defined at the IEEE 802.1 D standards. This function is used to solve loops created in a given LAN. Some topologies that are loop-based are the Ring and Meshed topologies.
Page 163 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches  Max Age: indicates the maximum age time of information transmitted by the switch when it is the Root Bridge. This delay is only used when STP protocol is being used. Allowed values are integer numbers from 6 to 40 seconds,...
Page 164 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches After one of the configurations described before is changed, there are buttons that allow the user to save or discard the configurations. Save: save configuration at the Running Config; Reset: undo changes made locally at the Running Config.
Page 165 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches using the “-“ character (for instance, 10-40), and a meshed specific and range VLAN identifiers (for instance, 1,2,10-40). After one of the configurations described before is changed, there are buttons that allow the user to save or discard the configurations.
Page 166 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches  CIST Ports: CIST Ports Settings menu allows configuring ports parameters to be used in the Spanning Tree function. This menu is divided in two tables, one for CIST Aggregated Port Configuration and another for CIST Normal Port Configuration. If aggregation function is being performed by the switch, the first table will be used to configure specific parameters for aggregated ports.
Page 167 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches  Restricted: enables Root guard functions. If it is desired to control ports to not propagate topology changes or not to be root ports, to guarantee that that ports are not in the main catenet of the logical topology, Root guard functions should be enabled.
Page 168 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches  Path Cost: indicates the path cost value that will be announced by the port to other bridges. Lower path costs mean higher port speed, and they are chosen to forward traffic at the expenses of higher path costs. Allowed values are Auto and Specific.
Page 169 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches  BPDU Guard: enable the port to operate in BPDU Guard mode. This function causes the port to disable itself if a BPDU message is received in that port, as could happens if a non-STP bridge is looped in the Spanning Tree network.
Page 170 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches  Path Cost: indicates the path cost value that will be announced by the port to other bridges in the same MSTI instance. Lower path costs mean higher port speed, and they are chosen to forward traffic at the expenses of higher path costs.
Page 171: Ipmc Setting
Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches IPMC Setting IPMC Profile IPMC profile menu allows configuring the profile to be used in IP multicast streams. IPMC profile will be used by IGMP or MLD snooping as the filter rules to be applied at the multicast IP traffic receiving.
Page 172 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches o Profile Name & Index: shows the name of the profile configured at the Profile Name field at IPMC Profile Table Setting menu and an index number identifying each rule. Each added rule has an incremental decrease index, starting at index 1 and ending in index 64.
Page 173 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches information from a group at the allowed address range will be logged. After a rule is created, it will be displayed four icons at the last column of the IPMC Profile Rule Settings table. Their usage is as follows: - Insert New Rule Button: allows adding a new rule in higher level index, click at this button.
Page 174: Ipmc
Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches End Address: indicates the last address of the addresses range allowed in this entry. Allowed values are IPv4 or IPv6 multicast group addresses. IPv4 addresses must be entered in dotted decimal format, and IPv6 addresses must be entered in hexadecimal format with a colon (“:”) separating each field.
Page 175 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches means function enabled, and checkbox empty means disabled;  IGMP SSM Range: indicates Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) range. SSM function is used when multicast listener should receive packets from a given source only, and not all multicast sources at a given LAN, improving security and reducing network demands.
Page 176 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches  Throttling: indicates the maximum multicast number groups allowed in the port. Possible values are Unlimited and a range from 0 to 10. Unlimited means that there is no limit for group belonging in that port, and numbers shows maximum multicast group numbers allowed.
Page 177 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches address used will be the IP address of the management interface of the switch. Allowed values are in the IP version 4 (IPv4) address range, and values must be configured in dotted decimal format;...
Page 178 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches After one of the configurations described before is changed, there are buttons that allow the user to save or discard the configurations. Save: save configuration at the Running Config;  Reset: undo changes made locally at the Running Config.
Page 179 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches as general purpose packets. Checkbox selected means function enabled, and checkbox empty means disabled;  MLD SSM Range: indicates Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) range. SSM function is used when multicast listener should receive packets from a...
Page 180 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches  Throttling: indicates the maximum multicast number groups allowed in the port. Possible values are Unlimited and a range from 0 to 10. Unlimited means that there is no limit for group belonging in that port, and numbers shows maximum multicast group numbers allowed.
Page 181 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches  PRI: indicates priority (PCP bits at the Ethernet frame) of the MLD control frames at the network, to prioritize or not these messages at the switch, redirecting it to a given queue. At the network, switch will send PCP value to other devices embedded at the frame.
Page 182 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches  Filtering Profile: indicates which profile can be selected to be used by this port. Allowed values are the profile names configured at the Profile Table at the IPMC Profile menu. The “-“ field means no filtering profile being applied to this port.
Page 183: Mac Table Settings
Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches MAC table Settings MAC table menu is design to configure the MAC address entry of switch. It allows configuring aging time of MAC addresses learned, mode of operation and allowed MAC addresses to ingress at the switch local interface.
Page 184 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches  Static MAC Table Configuration: If ports are configured as Secure mode, make sure that Management link used to configure and monitor switch is included. If not, switch’s configuration will be accessible only by serial interface at USB connection (Local interface).
Page 185: Vlan Settings
Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches VLAN Settings VLAN menu allows configuring virtual LAN segments to segregate broadcast domains. VLAN information is mapped directly at the Ethernet frame, and it is standardized by IEEE 802.1Q. VLAN is the main way to segregate traffic from station and process bus at Reason Switches.
Page 186 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches Mode: indicates the mode of port operation. This field will define fundamental behaviour of the por. Allowed values are as follows: Access: indicates that port will operate as an access port.  This is normally used by end stations, that is, VLAN- unaware equipment.
Page 187 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches the switch untagged and tagged frames leave the switch tagged) or to Tag all frames. Hybrid: indicates that port will operate as a hybrid port.  This is the most flexible port mode, as Hybrid ports allow configuring every process on the VLAN function.
Page 188 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches  Unaware: indicates that port will operate as unaware in the ingress process. These ports will classify all frames to the Port VLAN identifier, independent of having VLAN identifier or not; C-Port: indicates that port will operate as C-port in the ...
Page 189 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches VLAN, Tag All and Untag All, and possible configuration are as follows: Untag Port VLAN: means that all VLAN identifiers will  remain as it ingress at the switch except VLAN identifiers equal to the Port VLAN number. If VLAN Identifier (VID) of...
Page 190: Qos Settings
Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches QoS Settings Quality of service function is used to guarantee performance of a determined traffic when network at the LAN (or VLAN) is congested. It can be performed in many communication layers. Reason Switches can perform QoS function at the CoS and DSCP bits, that is, layer 2 and layer 3 communication.
Page 191 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches default, all untagged frames are classified to the DPL 1. Allowed values are from 0 to 3; PCP: indicates PCP that will be used the ingress process. These ports will classify untagged frames to the PCP class configured at this field and will forward tagged and priority-tagged frames to the PCP queue embedded at the PCP bits in the 802.1Q frame.
Page 192: Port Policing
Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches  Save: save configuration at the Running Config;  Reset: undo changes made locally at the Running Config;  Cancel: cancel changes made locally at the Running Config. DSCP Based: enable DSCP-based QoS function at the port. If DSCP bits are allowed, this checkbox allows the switch to use this information at the IP packet to perform QoS functions.
Page 193: Queue Policing
Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches Save: save configuration at the Running Config; Reset: undo changes made locally at the Running Config. 11.3 Queue Policing Queue Policing menu allows configuring traffic limits at each queue in a port. If one configuration is desired to be applied at all ports, then the row “*” should be used, that is, configuration done in the “*”...
Page 194 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches store excess data in an internal buffer to be sent later, thus this function would require memory available to store frames. Possible configurations are as follows. Port: indicate the ports to be configured at this row. Port field is a hyperlink that allows accessing QoS Egress Port Scheduler and Shapers settings.
Page 195 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches  Queue Scheduler: indicates the weight of the queue on the dynamic weight algorithm. This configuration is only allowed if Scheduler Mode is set to 6 Queues Weighted. Allowed configuration is as follows: ...
Page 196: Port Shaping
Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches  Weight: shows the value in percentage of the weight of the queues at that port. If operation of the port is Strict Priority, then the “-“ character will be displayed as the weight value, which means no weight process being used.
Page 197 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches  Rate: indicates maximum average traffic allowed in the queue. Sporadic peak traffic will be stored at internal buffer to be forwarded when peak traffic is lower than Queue Shaper Rate value. Allowed values are integer values and limits depend on the Unit used.
Page 198: Port Tag Remarking
Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches  Unit: indicates which unit should be used with Rate value to limit traffic. Allowed values are kbps, Mbps, fps and kfps. After one of the configurations described before is changed, there are buttons that allows the user to save or discard the configurations and to return to the previous menu.
Page 199 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches priority-tagged frames are forwarded with port default QoS value configured. When this mode is selected, the Default PCP and Default DEI fields are shown, allowing user to configure PCP and DEI values to be used in all forwarded frames.
Page 200: Port Dscp
Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches  Save: save configuration at the Running Config;  Reset: undo changes made locally at the Running Config;  Cancel: cancel changes made locally and return to previous page. 11.7 Port DSCP Port DSCP menu allows enabling DSCP QoS function and basic configuration. At this menu it is possible to enable if DSCP will be used as quality of service mechanism and define basic behaviour of its usage.
Page 201: Dscp-Based Qos
Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches  Remap: indicates that egress DSCP rewriting is used and DSCP bits will be remapped to the values configured at the DSCP Translation menu. This means that DSCP bits of a given incoming frame will be changed as configured by user at the egress process.
Page 202: Dscp Translation
Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches 11.9 DSCP Translation DSCP Translation menu allows selecting which DSCP levels can be remapped to another level, and to configure translation parameters. If port DSCP translation is enabled (choosing the Selected Ingress Classify at the Port DSCP menu), values to be remapped at the ingress and egress process will be as configured in this menu.
Page 203: Qos Control List
Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches DSCP Classification menu allows selecting which DSCP levels should be applied at a given CoS (PCP) value at the Ethernet frame. While DSCP-Based QoS Ingress Classification allows mapping to which QoS queue the DSCP values should be mapped to, that is, allows a DSCP-to-CoS mapping, DSCP classification allows selecting a CoS-to-DSCP classification.
Page 204 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches treated as configured at the Action Parameters. Possible configuration are as follows:  DMAC: indicates type of destination MAC address. Possible values are Any, which means all MAC addresses types, Unicast, Multicast and Broadcast MAC addresses;...
Page 205 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches Specific: only ethertype configured will be used at this QCE, that is, this entry will map frames based in many parameters including its ethertype value. Values must be inserted in hexadecimal format. ...
Page 206 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches frames based many parameters including Control value. Values must be inserted hexadecimal format.  SNAP: indicates which SNAP will be allowed in this QCE. When selected, the SNAP Parameters will be displayed. Possible configuration is as follows: ...
Page 207 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches Values must be inserted in decimal format;  Range: indicates that only a range of specified UDP ports will be used at this QCE. Values must inserted decimal format. Dport: indicates which ...
Page 208 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches ports will be used at this QCE. Values must inserted decimal format. Dport: indicates which  destination TCP ports will be used at this QCE. Possible configuration is as follows:  Any: indicates...
Page 209: Storm Policing
Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches  Specific: indicates that only specified DSCP levels will be used at this QCE. Values allowed are the DSCP range values (from 0 to 63);  Range: indicates that only a range of specified DSCP levels will be used at this QCE.
Page 210 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches  Unit: indicates which unit should be used with Rate value to limit traffic. Allowed values are kbps, Mbps, fps and kfps; Broadcast Frames: indicates configuration to be applied when frames are from and to broadcast hosts. Possible configuration is...
Page 211: Wred
Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches 11.13 WRED WRED (Weighted Random Early Detection Configuration) menu allows configuring storm prevention based on early detection algorithm function. This function applies only when Weighted QoS is performed, and this field allows configuring threshold for queues at weighted priority.
Page 212: Figure 81: Dpl Level Usage
Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches Figure 81: DPL level usage After one of the configurations described before is changed, there are buttons that allow the user to save or discard the configurations. Save: save configuration at the Running Config;...
Page 213: Mirroring Settings
Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches Mirroring Settings Mirroring allows the switch to mirror all traffic or one direction traffic (RX or TX frames) at a given port to another one. This function is useful when traffic analysers are used, as it can be configured to mirror many ports’ traffic to only one port, where the traffic analyser is connected.
Page 214 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches  Mirror: indicates that switch will operate in mirror mode, that is, source and destination port are at this switch;  Source (RMirror): indicates that the switch will operate as source mode, that is, destination port is at another switch.
Page 215 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches  Port Configuration: Port configuration displays configuration allowed per port to execute mirror function. This field allows defining source, intermediate and destination ports and defining if all traffic, only TX or only RX traffic should be mirrored. Possible configurations are as follows.
Page 216 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches After one of the configurations described before is changed, there are buttons that allow the user to save or discard the configurations. Apply: apply and save configuration at the Running Config; Reset: undo changes made locally at the Running Config.
Page 217: Ptp Settings
This menu allows configuring external clock parameters to be output by the switch. Possible configurations are as follows. T1000, S2020 and S2024G switches do not support external clock output. Thus, these configurations do not take effect. One_PPS_Mode: enable PTP output at the 1 PPS (pulse-per-second) output.
Page 218 This function is allowed only if hardware has GPS reception module; T1000, S2020 and S2024G switches hardware does not support Master Only operation. Thus, Master Only configuration does not take effect. Slave Only: clock configured at this instance will be Slave ...
Page 219 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches T1000, S2020 and S2024G switches hardware does not support One-step mode operation. Thus, 2 Step flag configuration does not take effect. Clock Identity: indicates clock identifier, to be used in BMC algorithm when switch is in boundary mode;...
Page 220 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches VID: indicates the VLAN identifier expected for receiving and sending PTP messages. Allowed values are the VLAN range values (from 1 to 4,095); PCP: Indicates Priority-Code-Point expected for receiving and sending PTP messages, that is, the CoS bits value at a given PTP Ethernet frame that will be accepted and forwarded by the instance.
Page 221: Application Examples
Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches Application Examples 14.1 Configuring VLANs in a Digital Substation Network Consider the situation given below. Figure 82: Topology to be configured in a VLAN environment Consider the following assumptions: Merging Unit sends GOOSE and Sampled Values with VLAN tag information, and receives PTP messages with VLAN information;...
Page 222 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches GOOSE VID number is 10; Sampled Values VID number is 20; PTP VID number is 30; Management VLAN to be used internally by the switch will be the VID number 1. With information given below, it is possible to go to the Settings VLANs menu to start configuration process.
Page 223 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches  Allowed VLANs should be 1, 10, 20, 30;  No forbidden VLANs should be configured. Port where other switches are connected This port will receive untagged and tagged frames and send tagged and untagged frames from many VID, as all traffic from switches should traffic at these ports.
Page 224 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches This port will receive untagged frames and send untagged and tagged frames from PTP VID, as Grandmaster Clock will multicast PTP messages. In addition, management software will communicate with the equipment in that port. Thus, PTP Grandmaster clock configuration ports should have the following characteristics: ...
Page 225 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches  Egress process: egress process should be set to Untag only frames with Port VLAN identifier. Thus, configuration of the port where the switches are connected should be as follows. Port mode should be chosen as Trunk port;...
Page 226 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches Thus, configuration of the port where the IED Receiving GOOSE and Sampled Values is connected should be as follows. Port mode should be chosen as Trunk port; Port VLAN should be 1; For trunk ports, Port Type is not allowed to be changed from C-Port;...
Page 227 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches For trunk ports, Ingress Filtering is not allowed to be changed from enabled; For trunk ports, Ingress Acceptance is not allowed to be changed from Tagged and Untagged; Egress tagging should be chosen as Untag Port VLAN;...
Page 228 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches Port where other switches are connected: This port will receive untagged and tagged frames and send tagged and untagged frames from many VID, as all traffic from switches should traffic at these ports. Thus,...
Page 229: Rstp Configuring In A Ring Network Topology
Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches  Filtering ingress process: this port should accept both untagged and tagged frames;  Egress process: egress process should be set to Untag only frames with Port VLAN identifier. Thus, configuration of the port where the switches are connected should be as follows.
Page 230: Figure 83: Topology To Be Configured In A Rstp Environment
Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches Figure 83: Topology to be configured in a RSTP environment At this topology, all switches are considered to be RSTP-aware switches, that is, all switches can participate on Root election and use its values to the logical architecture.
Page 231: Ptp Transparent Clock
Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches All ports are configured as Auto-edge; All ports are configured related to point-to-point connection as Auto; For the architecture given above, all switches are STP-aware, so no BPDU guard function would be required.
Page 232 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches There are two main ways to configure PTP on a given environment related to the VLANs. Using VLANs and do not using VLANs. The following topics will cover both situations.  PTP usage with VLANs...
Page 233 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches After setting this parameters, click at the Save button. An instance based on the previous configurations will be created. At the instance created, select at the checkboxes which ports will be members of the instance.
Page 234 Chapter 7 – Configuration GE Reason Switches Clock instance should be set to 0; Device Type should be set to P2pTransp; 2 Step Flag field should be set to True; Clock identify should not be changed; One Way should be set to False;...
Page 235: Chapter 8: Monitoring
GE Reason Switches Industrial Managed Ethernet Switch Chapter 8: Monitoring This chapter gives an overview of how to monitor the functions belonging to the Settings menu, when the equipment is accessed through Web interface. System Management The system menu provides online information about the system, CPU Load, IP Status, Log and Detailed Log menus.
Page 236 Chapter 8 – Monitoring GE Reason Switches Software version, which is the current firmware running at  the switch; Software date;  Acknowledgements, where the Details link displays all  open-source codes used by the switch.  CPU Load CPU Load option allows user to view graphically CPU usage online of the switch. The graph has 25%, 50% and 75% percentage bars to guide user about CPU Load, and graph is updated with the web page.
Page 237 Chapter 8 – Monitoring GE Reason Switches Log monitoring option allows user to view equipment log messages through the web interface. These messages are not all messages used internally by the equipment, however these log messages are the ones allowed to be send to a log server.
Page 238: Port
SFP connector representation at the web interface; ST connector representation at the web interface. The ST connector port is only allowed in T1000 Switches. The S2020 and S2024G switches use only RJ45 and LC connectors. In addition port state is displayed: Port disabled;...
Page 239 Chapter 8 – Monitoring GE Reason Switches Port number;  This number is a link which redirects to the Detailed Statistics menu, explained at the Detailed Statistics menu. Packets: Received and transmitted traffic, in number of packets; Bytes: Received and transmitted traffic, in bytes;...
Page 240 Chapter 8 – Monitoring GE Reason Switches On the top of the web page can be selected which port is required. Information shown is as follows: Total received frames at that port, including error frames. This information is divided in all packets, all octets, all unicast, all multicast, all broadcast and all Pause frames received;...
Page 241: Security
Chapter 8 – Monitoring GE Reason Switches Security This section describes the online basic security monitoring possibilities in Reason Switches, such as Access Management Statistics, Network, AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) and RMON. If desired to update Reason Switches web screen automatically, check the Auto Refresh checkbox on top to perform it.
Page 242 Chapter 8 – Monitoring GE Reason Switches  AAA: AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) option allows user to view information about the remote RADIUS user server. Information presented is as follows: Radius Overview: shows basic information about the RADIUS function at the switch, such the identifier RADIUS server number, server’s IP address, UDP authentication port, status of the...
Page 243 Chapter 8 – Monitoring GE Reason Switches Event: shows an overview of the RMON events table, such as event index number, index of the log entry, timestamp of a given log event and description of the log event. REASON SWITCHES-TM-EN-3...
Page 244: Aggregation
Chapter 8 – Monitoring GE Reason Switches Aggregation This section describes the online information about the Aggregation functionality, presenting the System Status, Port Status and Port Statistics, menus, which are located at the LACP menu. If desired to update Reason Switches web screen automatically, check the Auto Refresh checkbox on top to perform it.
Page 245 Chapter 8 – Monitoring GE Reason Switches Partner port; Partner priority.  Ports Statistics: LACP Ports Statistics presents information about LACP messages exchanged between partners. This menu allows verifying if there are LACP messages received, transmitted and discarded by the equipment. Information presented is as follows: Port number;...
Page 246: Loop Protection
Chapter 8 – Monitoring GE Reason Switches Loop Protection This section describes the monitoring possibilities for Loop Protection via Web Interface in Reason Switches. If desired to update Reason Switches web screen automatically, check the Auto Refresh checkbox on top to perform it. If selected, monitoring web page will be updated after 3 seconds of the last update automatically.
Page 247: Spanning Tree
Chapter 8 – Monitoring GE Reason Switches Spanning Tree This chapter describes monitoring possibilities for Spanning Tree monitoring, such as Bridge Status, Port Status and Port Statistics. If desired to update Reason Switches web screen automatically, check the Auto Refresh checkbox on top to perform it. If selected, monitoring web page will be updated after 3 seconds of the last update automatically.
Page 248 Chapter 8 – Monitoring GE Reason Switches  Port number shown in the row. Only ports running BPDU exchanging over the network are shown at this table;  Port ID, that is, the port identifier number, in the format “Port-Priority.Bridge-Port-Number”;...
Page 249 Chapter 8 – Monitoring GE Reason Switches  Port Statistics: STP Statistics monitoring option allows user to view packet exchanging information about ports exchanging BPDU packets at Reason Switches. Information allowed is as follows: Port number shown in the row. Only ports enabled to transmit or receive BPDU packets are shown;...
Page 250: Ipmc
Chapter 8 – Monitoring GE Reason Switches IPMC This chapter describes the basic IP multicast (IPMC) monitoring possibilities to be used in Reason Switches, providing information about the IGMP and MLD Snooping, such as Status, Groups Information and IP SFM Information.
Page 251 Chapter 8 – Monitoring GE Reason Switches Port members, where is displayed which ports are  member of the group. IGMP SFM information, that is, IGMP Source-Filtered Multicast information. This information is related only to IGMPv3 and MLDv2 protocols, which has support to channel subscription.
Page 252 Chapter 8 – Monitoring GE Reason Switches  Port number;  Status of the port, that is, if port is Router port or not. Groups Information: provides information about MLD table groups allowed in the switch. VLAN ID (VID) number of the group;...
Page 253: Mac Table
Chapter 8 – Monitoring GE Reason Switches MAC Table This section describes MAC Address presented in the web interface for monitoring purposes. If desired to update Reason Switches web screen automatically, check the Auto Refresh checkbox on top to perform it. If selected, monitoring web page will be updated after 3 seconds of the last update automatically.
Page 254: Vlan
Chapter 8 – Monitoring GE Reason Switches VLAN This section presents the VLAN table and ports for monitoring purposes, providing information about the VLANs Membership and Ports menu. If desired to update Reason Switches web screen automatically, check the Auto Refresh checkbox on top to perform it.
Page 255 3 seconds of the last update automatically.  PTP External Clock Mode: T1000, S2020 and S2024G switches do not support external clock output. Thus, this information should not be referred.  PTP Clock Configuration: PTP Clock Configuration demonstrates the PTP clock instances configured at the switch.
Page 257: Chapter 9: Installation
GE Reason Switches Industrial Managed Ethernet Switch Chapter 9: Installation Functional Overview Reason Switches are managed layer 2 switches designed for harsh environments applications, such as commonly observed on power systems and industry applications, and they were developed to be used in IEC 61850 networks, for reliable Ethernet connection between IEDs in the network.
Page 258 Optic interface modules with LC (100/1000BaseFX, single-mode fibre).  Time Synchronization T1000 and S2024G switches are adequate to IEEE 1588 v2 standard and containing a time display by software (two-step mode) in all ports; Operates in transparent (TC) or boundary (BC) mode;...
Page 259  SNMP v3 Traffic mirroring for monitoring.  Highlights: T1000 switch modules change shall be done in technical field with no need to send the equipment back to the factory;  Failsafe alarm relay Dry contact NO and NC; Indicates Ethernet communication loss or power supply failure.
Page 260 Chapter 9 – Installation GE Reason Switches T1000 model has DIN rail mounting support; T1000 model with interface connectors on the front panel or on the rear of the chassis; S2020 and S2024G model with interface connectors on the rear of the chassis;...
Page 261: Human Machine Interface Descriptions
No RX activity Green RX activity No TX activity Green TX activity In T1000 switches, link information is also displayed next to each single port, at each module panel, as seen in the table below: Information Colour Description No connection...
Page 262: Figure 85: Rj45 Port
Chapter 9 – Installation GE Reason Switches Figure 85: RJ45 port S2020 and S2024G HMI have one LED per port, indicating information as follows. Information Colour Description No connection Link Orange 10/100 Mbps connection Green 1000 Mbps connection PTP clock unsynchronized...
Page 263: Mounting
Reason Switches are designed for maximum mounting and display flexibility. Switches can be mounted in a standard 19” rack, 1” DIN rail (only T1000) or directly onto a panel. Rack Mounting For rack mount installations, the T1000 can be ordered with connectors on the front panel or on the rear of the chassis, as shown below.
Page 264: Panel And Rail Mouting
Panel and Rail Mouting For DIN rail mounting, adapters shall be used on each side of the 1" standard cabinet. DIN rail mounting is only available for T1000 switches. REASON SWITCHES-TM-EN-3...
Page 265: Figure 89: Panel / Din Rail Front Mounting Diagram
Chapter 9 – Installation GE Reason Switches Figure 89: Panel / DIN Rail front mounting diagram Note: Since heat within the S20 is channelled to the enclosure, it is recommended that 1 rack unit of space (1.75”) be kept unpopulated and free of equipment above each S20 series product to allow for a small amount of convectional airflow.
Page 266: Power Connections
All power connections should use insulated flameproof flexible cable (BWF type) with a 1.5 mm² cross section, 70 °C (158 °F) thermal class, and 750 V insulation voltages. Figure 90: T1000 (left) and S2020/S2024G (right) Power Supply Connector Terminal Number...
Page 267: Communications Ports
Shielded/screened cabling can optionally be used. The cable shield should be grounded at one single point to avoid the generation of ground loops. Fixed Fiber Optics Transceiver (FDDI) Fixed optic fibre transceivers (FDDI) connector is only allowed to be used in T1000 switches and for multimode type fibres. REASON SWITCHES-TM-EN-3...
Page 268: Sfp Pluggable Transceiver
Disconnect all cables from the SFP module before inserting or removing the module;  Use only transceivers certified by GE Reason. Figure 93: SFP transceiver Before removing the SFP transceiver, take the wires off and insert the protective cover against dust. The SFP transceivers should be removed pulling the safety catch located on the top of the transceiver.
Page 269: Figure 94: Removal Direction Of The Sfp Transceiver
Chapter 9 – Installation GE Reason Switches Figure 94: Removal direction of the SFP transceiver Special attention should be paid when inserting the SFP transceiver. Figure below illustrates the adequate orientation to SFP modules installed both in upper and lower slots.
Page 270: Dry Contact Alarm (Failsafe)
Chapter 9 – Installation GE Reason Switches Dry Contact Alarm (Failsafe) The dry contact relay alarm is available to indicate when an interface communication become unavailable or the equipment lacks from one of its power supplies, as an energy fault or any power sources removal.
Page 271: Preventive Maintenance Actions
GE Reason Switches Preventive Maintenance Actions In view of the critical nature of application, GE products should be checked at regular intervals to confirm they are operating correctly. GE products are designed for a life in excess of 20 years. The devices are self-supervising and so require less maintenance than earlier designs of protection devices.
Page 272 Chapter 9 – Installation GE Reason Switches Dew point within the range of 5.5º C to 15º C (41.9º F to 59.0º F)  Operating within the range supports the highest degree of equipment reliability, even though the equipment data sheets may state wider ranges of minimum and maximum temperature and humidy (for example, -40º...
Page 273 Chapter 9 – Installation GE Reason Switches SNMP versions, make sure that SNMP manager can understand all used versions of the protocol.  The recommended preventive actions described above will help to keep the unit running smoothly an will also avoid any in-convenience.
Page 275: Network Diagnostics
GE Reason Switches Industrial Managed Ethernet Switch Chapter Maintenance Troubleshooting Network Diagnostics Ping Ping menu allows using the IPv4 Ping messages to do network diagnostics. Ping messages are ICMP packets that are used to verify if a host is reachable in the IP network environment.
Page 276: Chapter 10: Maintenance And Troubleshooting
Chapter 10 – Maintenance and Troubleshooting GE Reason Switches Define how many times ping messages answers and responses should be performed to the address configured. Allowed values are integer numbers from 1 to 60 times. By default, ping is done 5 times.
Page 277 Chapter 10 – Maintenance and Troubleshooting GE Reason Switches network environment. In addition, Ping messages can return if host is reachable, presenting the round-trip time. Reason Switches allow using its management IP interface as the originator of a ping message. Thus, it is possible to verify IP hosts reachability from the switch, doing basic diagnostics functions in the network.
Page 278: Veriphy
Chapter 10 – Maintenance and Troubleshooting GE Reason Switches Start: start the ping messages sending by switch’s IP interface. VeriPHY VeriPHY is a function performed by Reason Switches to verify integrity of electrical cables connected to the switch, for diagnostics purposes.
Page 279 Chapter 10 – Maintenance and Troubleshooting GE Reason Switches Short: means that the pair represented at this cell is  shorted;  Short Pair: can be for pair A, B, C or D. Means that there is a cross-pair short at the pair;...
Page 280: Software Restart
If it is required to restart the equipment, the Restart Device can be accessed through web interface, located in Maintenance menu (T1000 has a reset button that may be used equally). The configuration running on the equipment will be discarded when a Restart Device is performed.
Page 281: Software Management
Chapter 10 – Maintenance and Troubleshooting GE Reason Switches Software Management Reason Switches allows performing software (firmware running on the equipment) management. This chapter provides information about the Upload and Image Select menu. Reason Switches operates with two stored software in its memory. One of them is the active image and the other one is the alternate image.
Page 282 Chapter 10 – Maintenance and Troubleshooting GE Reason Switches In this menu, there are two tables showing information about the software in switch’s memory. Both tables have information about the file name of the software image, the version of the software and date when software was built.
Page 283: Configuration
Chapter 10 – Maintenance and Troubleshooting GE Reason Switches Configuration Reason Switches allows managing its settings file, and this section brings the information on how to it regarding the Save startup-config, Download, Upload, Activate and Delete menu. Reason Switches stores internally three configuration files, which can be freely selected by user to become active.
Page 284 Chapter 10 – Maintenance and Troubleshooting GE Reason Switches In this menu, it is possible to download configuration as a file, to be used as a backup configuration file for restoring system, when required. It is possible to download running-config, default-config and startup-config configuration files.
Page 285 Chapter 10 – Maintenance and Troubleshooting GE Reason Switches To delete configuration, select configuration to be deleted and then click at the Delete Configuration File button. After this is done, configuration file will be deleted of switch’s internal memory. REASON SWITCHES-TM-EN-3...
Page 286: Troubleshooting
There is none connection at T1000 switch, but LINK LED at the port 1 remains on: T1000 switch does not have a power LED, as other switches. To allow informing that the equipment is operating when equipment do not have any Ethernet connection, the LINK LED of port one remains in on state, at orange color.
Page 287 Chapter 10 – Maintenance and Troubleshooting GE Reason Switches If the terminal that is intended to be accessed cannot be reached even when IP is known, there are some steps to be performed to check if terminal is able to connect to the equipment.
Page 288 Chapter 10 – Maintenance and Troubleshooting GE Reason Switches  I do not need VLANs. Do I have to change default settings? By default, all ports are member of the VLAN ID 1 in Reason Switches. Management interface is configured to be member of the VLAN ID 1, all ingress frames are classified to the VLAN ID 1 and all egress frames are forwarded without VLAN tag.
Page 289  Firmware must be updated: When firmware update is required, the first step to be done is requiring GE for the firmware file. After this file is received, copy the file to the PC on which management interface of the switch is performed.
Page 290: Equipment Return
Equipment Return All parts and components comprising Reason devices shall be repaired exclusively by GE. In case of equipment malfunction the customer shall get in contact with GE’s Contact Centre and never attempt to repair the device by own. To request equipment repair service, call GE to check out shipment options and receive the technical assistance order code.
Page 291: Instructions For Equipment Repair Service
Chapter 10 – Maintenance and Troubleshooting GE Reason Switches Instructions for Equipment Repair Service The instructions presented in this topic shall only be followed by GE service Personnel. In case any repair needs to be done in the equipment, follow the procedure below to ensure the safety of the operation.
Page 292: Chapter 11: Technical Specifications
GE Reason Switches Industrial Managed Ethernet Switch Chapter 11: Technical Specifications Power Supply Power supply type 125 / 250 V Input range Nominal AC 110-240 V Nominal DC 100-250 V Frequency 50/60 Hz ± 3 Hz Operating Voltage Range 88-264 V...
Page 293: Failsafe Relay
Chapter 11 – Technical Specifications GE Reason Switches Failsafe Relay Parameter Value Type of output Dry contact NA and NF Maximum AC Voltage and Current Capacity 250 Vac / 2 A 2 A @ 24 Vdc 2A @ 48 Vdc...
Page 294: Networking Standards Supported
Chapter 11 – Technical Specifications GE Reason Switches Networking Standards Supported Parameter Description IEEE 802.3 10BASE-T IEEE 802.3u 100BASE-TX/100BASE-FX IEEE 802.3z 100BASE-SX/LX IEEE 802.3ab 1000BASE-TX IEEE 802.3x Full duplex operation, flow control IEEE 802.1D Media Access Control (MAC) bridges VLAN (Media Access Control (MAC) Bridges and Virtual Bridge IEEE 802.1Q...
Page 295: Rj45 Ethernet (10/100/1000 Mbps) Port
Chapter 11 – Technical Specifications GE Reason Switches RJ45 Ethernet (10/100/1000 Mbps) Port Parameter Description Notes Auto-negotiating Speed 10/100/1000 Mbps Auto-negotiating Duplex FDX/HDX (Full-duplex / Half duplex operation) Cable-type Category 5 Shielded/Unshielded Auto-Crossover, Auto-Polarity Wiring Standard TIA/EIA T568A/B Max Distance...
Page 296: Optical Transceivers (100/1000 Mbps)
Chapter 11 – Technical Specifications GE Reason Switches Optical Transceivers (100/1000 Mbps) Maximum cable Wavelength Optical power Sensitivity Model Rate length 0.5 km 850nm -9~-3 dBm -17 dBm SFP1GFO05K 1.25 Gbps 10 km 1310nm -9~-3 dBm -22 dBm SFP1GFO10K 1.25 Gbps...
Page 297: Operating Environment
Chapter 11 – Technical Specifications GE Reason Switches Operating Environment Test Standard Level Rationale Operating: NTP requirements Cold Test EN 60068-2-1 -40ºC to +55ºC (continuously) -40º to +70ºC (6h every 24h) -40 to +85ºC (96h) Hot Test EN 60068-2-2 Storage/shipping -40ºC to +85ºC...
Page 298: T1000 Dimensions
Chapter 11 – Technical Specifications GE Reason Switches T1000 Dimensions Parameter Value 4,3 cm (Height) x 43,6 cm (Width) x 28,6 cm Dimensions (Depth) Weight < 5 kg Structure 1 mm galvanized steel Figure 97: T1000 dimensions REASON SWITCHES-TM-EN-3...
Page 299: S2020 And S202G Dimensions
Chapter 11 – Technical Specifications GE Reason Switches S2020 and S202G Dimensions Parameter Value 4,3 cm (Height) x 43,6 cm (Width) x 31 cm Dimensions (Depth) Weight < 5 kg Structure 1 mm galvanized steel Figure 98: S2020 and S2024G dimensions...
Page 300: Ingress Protection
Chapter 11 – Technical Specifications GE Reason Switches Ingress Protection Front Mounting Description Value Frontal IP20 Rear IP40 Sides IP20 Product safety protection IP20 Rear Mounting Description Value Frontal IP40 Rear IP20 Sides IP20 Product safety protection IP20 Pollution Degree...
Page 301: Insulation, Emi And Environmental Tests
Chapter 11 – Technical Specifications GE Reason Switches Insulation, EMI and Environmental Tests 10.1 Insulation Tests Description Value Insulation Class Class I 10.2 Type Tests Test Description Test Levels 6 kV contact / 8 KV air IEC 61000-4-2 Electrostatic discharge immunity...
Page 302 Chapter 11 – Technical Specifications GE Reason Switches Test Description Test Levels Radiated emission Limits: 1 to 2 GHz – 56 dB (μV/m) average; 76 dB (μV/m) peak at 3 m Limits defined by considering the maximum internal frequency of 125...

This manual is also suitable for:

S2020 S2024g

GE T1000 Technical Manual

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: Safety Information

Chapter 3: Hardware Design

Chapter 4: Functions

Chapter 5: Interfaces

Chapter 6: Operation

Chapter 7: Configuration

Chapter 8: Monitoring

Chapter 9: Installation

Chapter 10: Maintenance and Troubleshooting

Chapter 11: Technical Specifications

Quick Links

Technical Manual

Troubleshooting

Related Manuals for GE T1000

Summary of Contents for GE T1000